Grunt Sculpin – Little Fish, BIG Attitude!
Meet the fish that so often has people exclaiming “It lives HERE?!”
Yep, the tiny Grunt Sculpin is a powerful ambassador for raising awareness about the depth of biodiversity hidden in the cold, dark, rich waters of the north east Pacific.
We are programmed to associate warm waters with exotic-looking fish species but read below for the Grunt Sculpin’s astounding adaptations and masterful mimicry.
The species reaches only a maximum of 9 cm.
It is adapted to look like a Giant Acorn Barnacle (Balanus nubilis)! When facing outward, its pointy nose looks like a closed Giant Acorn Barnacle and when the fish turns around, its tail looks like the foot of the barnacle that rakes in plankton.
This little fish has giant attitude. When not hidden away in a barnacle (or a cup, see photo), it can be highly territorial, hopping around on its pectoral fins in a strutting, jerky fashion. A lot of literature reports that the Grunt Sculpin is an “awkward swimmer” but I solidly disagree. I once saw one flash away with lightning speed back to its hiding place. Yes, I was being an annoying photographer.
Ah and you probably think the males are the master strutters? Ha! The female is as fierce as can be. Reportedly, she will chase a male into a crack, an empty barnacle shell, or another place of no escape and guard him there until she is ready to lay her eggs. When she has laid them, the male is released to do his duty.
She watches him to ensure he fertilizes the eggs (up to 150 at a time) and then, according to some sources – she saunters off leaving the male to care for the eggs but may return once in a while to take on a shift. (Source: Aquarium of the Pacific.
From Casey Cook, aquarist with the Aquarium of the Pacific (pers com 2022-12-19): “The female often pushes the male into guarding so she can roam. She will get very vocal, and demanding – making sure he does the job!”
With regards to classification, the scientific name Rhamphocottus richardsonii reflects the Greek word for beak “rhamphos” which is appropriate for the Grunt Sculpin’s bill-like snout. This makes some people think that the species looks like a seahorse but note that they are not closely related at all. The Grunt Sculpin is the only member of its genus. It is truly one of a kind.
Oh, and are you wondering about the name “Grunt” Sculpin? Apparently the species grunts when it is taken out of the ocean. You would too! Likely it also grunts when being defensive underwater. It is also the sound I make in my delight when I find one. It will be a very loud grunt indeed if I ever find one guarding eggs or with its tail-end extended out of a barnacle.
Below, more of my photos of Grunt Sculpins. 🙂
And some more photos of individuals to show how similar their markings are.
Sources:
– Aquarium of the Pacific – Grunt Sculpin
– Fishbase – Grunt Sculpin
– Love, M. S. (2011). Certainly more than you want to know about the fishes of the Pacific Coast: A postmodern experience. Santa Barbara, Calif: Really Big Press.
The Marine Detective 
12 Responses to “Grunt Sculpin – Little Fish, BIG Attitude!”
We use to get these at times in our prawn traps while fishing in Knights Inlet
Thanks Ken. Apparently found to a depth of 165 metres!
Hi, I was just going to E you to share that we recently had about 50 grunts hatch at AOP wthen I saw your reference. Thank you. Our nursery is very productive lately. The grunts are tiny! and very well camoufaged. I also have two grandchildren in the form of zebra
sharks. Their Daddy was in my wading exhibit for several years. Thank you for a grunt expereince.
These little rascals are also found when diving in discovery passage. They are fun tp watch and they are so beautiful.
I love grunt sculpins but the Pacific Spiney Lumpsucker is defiantly my favorite oddball fish of the PNW.
I’m very curious about the fact that the grunt sculpins spit the babies out into the water column. I know the source is AoP, but i work there and i’m raising our baby grunts and i’ve never seen this happen. I’ve also had many grunts hatch without a male guarding the eggs, so i’m not sure about this…I’ll have to set up a camera at night time and find out. They are a wonderful fish though, thanks for the great article about them!
Thank you SO MUCH for this feedback and your expertise. I will adapt the language in the blog to reflect this uncertainty. Please let me know if you find out more!
You’re welcome! I certainly will. I’m very curious about it too! I can just picture the adult shooting little larvae out of their mouths like cannon balls – so cute! 🙂
very helpful for my project! What do they eat exactly?
“Adults eat copepods, amphipods, zooplankton, decapod and barnacle larvae, and crustaceans. The young are too small to eat crustaceans.” http://www.vichighmarine.ca/reports/fishes/grunt-sculpin
Jackie,
I have a recent (last week) photo of a grunt protecting eggs. You can see hatched eggs and intact eggs in the photo. The grunt is in a giant barnacle shell. I am glad to share the image.
Ed Gullekson
That would be BRILLIANT! Thanks so much Ed. My email is jackiehildering@gmail.com.