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Posts tagged ‘undescribed species’

Hiding in Plain Sight – An undescribed sea star species

The following photos from my dive yesterday near northeast Vancouver Island are of a new, “undescribed” species of sea star. I documented three different individuals of this species on our dive yesterday, and you will note the colour variation.

I am sharing this with you because it is AGAIN evidence of how little we know about marine species, even in the shadows. May this add to having the appropriate humility and precaution in what we think we know and how we treat the ocean.

One of the individuals with a Northern Kelp Crab.



New? This means that previously, humans did not realize it was a distinct species.

Undescribed? This means it is an organism recognized by scientists to be distinct but research has not yet been conducted and published describing how the species is distinct and naming it.

The scientists in this case are Neil McDaniel and Dr. Christopher Mah.

Neil confirmed that it is a “Solaster” (genus) and is, for now, referencing it as Solaster sp. A.

How do I know the three I photographed yesterday are this “new” species? Because I misidentified one in an email to Neil McDaniel. Who let me know the following:

“I believe this is the undescribed species of Solaster found on our coast. In Lambert (2000), it is described as Solaster paxillatus, but my understanding is that is a NW Pacific (Japan) species, not NE Pacific . . . This Solaster usually has between 8 to 10 rays with a rather rough-looking aboral surface due to the conspicuous pseudopaxillae. Colour ranges from yellowish through a deeper orange. It is never bicoloured like stimpsoni [Striped Sun Star]. The rays can be fairly slim or quite puffy-looking. Unlikely to be confused with Solaster dawsoni [Morning Sun Star], which usually has more rays (12 is common), or Solaster endeca [Purple Sun Star], which has a similar number of rays, but much shorter and stouter”. (Neil McDaniel, pers.comm.)

Is it rare? Likely not! More likely is that it has been misidentified, even in Lambert (2000). Neil references it as likely hiding in plain sight. Because who is looking? These three were near a dock, which, like so many docks on our coast, had debris of human origin nearby.

Do you think you have photographed one? If yes, it’s best to upload your photos to iNaturalist to add to the collective knowledge about the species.

Dive buddy Janice Crook near one of the Solaster sp. A. on our dive yesterday. Buddy John Congden was also on this dive.


From Neil McDaniel on iNaturalist:

This large species of Solaster has not been described. It reaches 40 cm in diameter and has 9-11 rays, most often 10″ and “This star was once thought to be Solaster paxillatus, (which is found in the NW Pacific), but specimens collected from Knight Inlet were confirmed to be an undescribed species of Solaster (Chris Mah, pers. comm.).”

Screenshot of Neil McDaniel’s entry about this species on iNaturalist.

Mystery Organism – A Jellyfish With a Stalk?!

Last update: June 25, 2024.

This is a Marine Detective case for those of you who appreciate mini-mysteries as much as whale wonders.

Gillian Butler and Erin Paul of found this remarkable invertebrate off their kayak base camp in Johnstone Strait, northeastern Vancouver Island in September of 2010. 

I was thrilled to get the “What’s this?” email from them as this is a type of jelly I know is off our coast but that I had never been able to find! It’s a jelly that is only 3 cm wide and is usually attached to kelp or Eelgrass . . . by its stalk!

Stalked Jelly – photo by Gillian Butler

Yes, it is species of stalked jellyfish (stauromedusae). The species well documented on our coast is the “Oval-anchored Stalked Jelly” (Haliclystus sanjuanensis). Read below for what is believed to be a new (undescribed) species!

Stalked jellies never become free-swimming, bell-shaped “medusa” like most jellyfish species. Their stalk is sticky allowing them to attach to Eelgrass, seaweed, or rocks in the shallows.  They have 8 “arms” that look like they have pom-poms at their ends.  These clusters of 30-100 tentacles have stinging cells so that the stalked jelly can catch small crustaceans with the pom-poms and bring this food to their mouth (positioned at the centre of the 8 arms).

They are remarkably mobile which you will see in the Lester B. Pearson College video at the end of this blog. If the stalk becomes detached, the animal can hold on with its tentacles till it reattaches its stalk. The student video will also allow you to see the base of the stalk and how the arms can close up.

Only about 50 species of stalked jelly had been discovered worldwide. New extremely deep-dwelling species been discovered around hydrothermal vents AND . . . potentially also in the shallows in front of my community on northeastern Vancouver Island. 

Stalked Jelly found by yours truly on July 1, 2019.

After my photo (above) went into the world in July 2019, it led to contact with researcher Claudia Mills. She let me know this is an undescribed species (also genus Haliclystus). This is such testament to how little we know about the Ocean. Again, this was in the shallows at only approximately 1 metre depth very near to where I live.

Claudia also thought that the stalked jelly that Gillian and Erin found is likely also the undescribed species. Please note that these are NOT the only known sightings of this “new” species. Their range is believed to include the San Juan Islands (Washington) to southeast Alaska and possibly even northern Japan and sightings go back decades. See Neil McDaniel’s photo form the 1970s below.

From Claudia Mills on iNaturalist in 2020: “This undescribed species is easily mistaken for Haliclystus sanjuanensis. It may still be present in some locations in the San Juan Islands, Southern Vancouver Island, or the Canadian Gulf Islands, but we can no longer find it. My internet searches have found this species in quiet bays along northern Vancouver Island and in at least SE Alaska. It might be the same species as is found in the Russian Far East and Northern Japan, but we are trying to figure that out”

I had hoped to find the species again. Finally, I had success on June 27, 2022. See the photos below. These stalked jellies were again at only about 1-metre depth in the same location as the 2019 “find”.

Limitations in finding the species again were:

(1) That I think it is more likely to be found in the summer months when the visibility while diving is limited due to the richness of plankton in the water column; and

(2) Needing a dive buddy who is willing to gear up in thick neoprene in the summer and do a beach dive when it is usually hotter and much more difficult to see around you in the water. Diving from the beach usually involves more exertion than just rolling off a boat into the ocean. Also the visibility tends to be worse for beach dives because these locations often don’t get as much tidal flushing as do dive sites in narrow passes between islands.

YOU could find this species of Oval-Anchored Stalked Jelly too and carefully document it (not touching it and also being really careful in its habitat e.g. avoid stepping on Eelgrass). Your chances are likely best in summer, on a low tide.

You could upload the sighting to iNaturalist where Claudia Mills would ID. On a recent sighting there she shared: “This is the “other” uncommon, species of Haliclystus that we have found in BC and Alaskan waters. It is usually found in (environmentally) undisturbed quiet bays, on kelp or eelgrass in the shallow subtidal.”

For this Oval-anchored Stalked Jelly to be “described” and get a species name, experts like Claudia would write up and publish their research on how the species is physically and genetically different.

Note that this is an older video. I think we would be less inclined to touch the animal directly with current-day understanding and ethics.

Update: May 28, 2023

Found two individuals again in the same location as where I have seen them previously! See the photos below.

Update: June 24, 2024
Found another two individuals again in the same location.

Resources:
Mills CE, Westlake H, Hirano YM, Miranda LS. 2023. Description of a common stauromedusa on the Pacific Coast of the United States and Canada, Haliclystus sanjuanensis new species (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) PeerJ 11:e15944

Inaturalist
www.inaturalist.org/observations/48578263
www.inaturalist.org/observations/85506767